水環真空泵
是一種粗真空泵,它所能獲得的極限真空為2000~4000Pa,與真空泵組成機組真空度可達1~600Pa,也被用作壓縮機,稱為水環式壓縮機,是屬于一種低壓的壓縮機,其壓力范圍為1~2×10^5 Pa表壓力。它的工作原理為:在泵體中裝有適量的水作為工作液,當葉輪按圖中指示的方向順時針旋轉時,水被葉輪拋向四周,由于離心力的作用,水形成了一個決定于泵腔形狀的近似于等厚度的封閉圓環。水環的上部分內表面恰好與葉輪輪轂相切,水環的下部內表面剛好與葉片頂端接觸(實際上葉片在水環內有一定的插入深度)。此時葉輪輪轂與水環之間形成一個月牙形空間,而這一空間又被葉輪分成葉片數目相等的若干個小腔。如果以葉輪的上部0°為起點,那么葉輪在旋轉前180°時小腔的容積由小變大,且與端面上的吸氣口相通,此時氣體被吸入,當吸氣終了時小腔則與吸氣口隔絕;當葉輪繼續旋轉時,小腔由大變小,使氣體被壓縮;當小腔與排氣口相通時,氣體便被排出泵外。水環泵主要作用用于粗真空、抽氣量大的工藝過程中。在化工、石油、輕工及食品工業中得到了廣泛地應用,如真空過濾、真空送料、真空濃縮、真空脫氣等
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